NASA's Total and Spectral Solar Irradiance Sensor-2 (TSIS-2) will measure the Sun's energy reaching Earth. This includes total solar irradiance (TSI), the overall Sun’s brightness, and spectral solar irradiance (SSI), the distribution of energy across different wavelengths. It is the latest mission for this important solar irradiance record that has been observed from space since 1978.
NASA's Total and Spectral Solar Irradiance Sensor-1, or TSIS-1, a mission to measure the sun's radiative input to Earth, launched in late 2017 to the International Space Station ExPRESS logistics carrier (ELC)-3. Various satellites have captured a continuous record of this solar energy input since 1978.
TIMED is a mission to investigate and understand the energetics of the Mesosphere and Lower-Thermosphere/Ionosphere (MLTI), the region in the Earth's atmosphere from about 60 to 180 km in altitude. The measurements of TIMED will provide data defining the basic states of the MLTI region and its thermal balance.
TROPOMI is the satellite instrument on board the Copernicus Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite. The Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5P) is the first of the atmospheric composition Sentinels, launched on 13 October 2017, planned for a mission of seven years.
The Total solar irradiance Calibration Transfer Experiment (TCTE), is funded by NOAA's next-generation Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) and designed to continue measurements of the total solar energy input to Earth.
The Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) is a NASA-sponsored satellite mission that is providing state-of-the-art measurements of incoming x-ray, ultraviolet, visible, near-infrared, and total solar radiation.
The Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) is a contribution of the Netherlands's Agency for Aerospace Programs (NIVR) in collaboration with the Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) to the EOS Aura mission.
SCIAMACHY is a passive remote sensing spectrometer observing radiation that is backscattered, reflected, transmitted or emitted by the Earth's atmosphere and surface, in the wavelength range between 240 and 2380 nm. The instrument was launched on board the Envisat satellite which was operational from March 2002 until April 2012.
ACRIMSAT is a small satellite mission to monitor the amount of total solar energy input to Earth. Its objective is to monitor the solar constant, or TSI (Total Solar Irradiation), with maximum precision and provide a long-term TSI data record.
The ATLAS-1 solar science instruments and several of the atmospheric science instruments (MAS, ATMOS and SSBUV) flew on future ATLAS missions. Beyond its own science mission, a key goal of the ATLAS series was to provide calibration for NASA's Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS), launched from the Space Shuttle in September 1991. Two ATLAS-1 instruments, ACR and SUSIM, have direct counterparts aboard UARS, while other instruments aboard each mission were closely related.
NASA's UARS satellite, launched in 1991 from the Space Shuttle, was the first multi-instrumented satellite to observe numerous chemical constituents of the atmosphere with a goal for better understanding atmospheric photochemistry and transport.
SMM was launched on February 14, 1980, carrying several scientific instruments to study solar flares and the active solar atmosphere.
The Earth Radiation Budget (ERB) experiment on the Nimbus 7 satellite is a multipurpose experiment used to measure the solar irradiance, the Earth's reflected solar radiation, and the Earth's emitted longwave radiation.
